Basic knowledge of aviation dangerous goods transportation
1. Classification of dangerous goods
Dangerous goods are divided into nine categories:
The first category: explosives
The second category: gas (including flammable gases, non-flammable non-toxic gases, toxic gases)
The third category: flammable liquid
The fourth category: flammable solids; substances that are prone to spontaneous combustion; substances that release flammable gases in contact with water
Category 5: Oxidants and organic peroxides
Category 6: Toxic substances and infectious substances
Category 7: Radioactive items
Category 8: Corrosive articles
Category 9: Miscellaneous dangerous goods
2. the basic principles of on-site operation of dangerous goods
1. Receipt counter personnel must attach great importance to the seriousness of illegal dangerous goods, familiar with the IATA "Dangerous Goods Regulations" applicable in the current year, and know the goods that are prohibited from being transported, the main dangerous goods and the goods containing hidden dangerous goods.
2. Require the agent to truthfully declare the actual product name of the goods, and refuse to accept the goods such as the goods, Western medicine chemical raw materials and other unknown goods.
3. When the freight forwarder consigns dangerous goods, he must obtain the written consent of the carrier. It must ensure that the goods or materials delivered are non-air transport embargoed articles or substances, and truthfully fill out the dangerous goods declaration form and deliver the goods. Or the substance must be accurately identified, the packaging label and the prepared documents.
4. The embargoed dangerous goods specified by IATA shall not be accepted.
3. the storage of dangerous goods
Before the dangerous goods are put into storage, two persons who have the certificate of transport of dangerous goods approved by the carrier must fill in the IATA dangerous goods collection and inspection checklist. The dangerous goods that have been agreed to be transported must be carefully placed in the dangerous goods warehouse for storage.
4. Special requirements for centralized storage of dangerous goods
1.Incompatible dangerous goods
Strictly follow the IATA "Isolation of Packages" form to separate packages of dangerous goods that may pose a hazardous reaction to each other. It is recommended that the fifth category of dangerous goods and the eighth category of dangerous goods be stored separately.
2. Storage of self-reactive substances or organic peroxides
Packages or containers containing 4.1 self-reactive substances or 5.2-phase organic peroxides must be protected from direct sunlight, away from heat, and well ventilated. Do not mix with other goods.
3. Storage of radioactive materials
For Class II---Yellow, and Class III---yellow packages stored in any location, the number of synthetic packaging and special containers must be limited so that each group of packages, synthetic packaging and special containers The transport index does not exceed 50. The packages, synthetic packaging and special containers of these groups are stored at a distance of at least 6 meters from the other packages.
4. Toxic (toxic) and storage of infectious materials
Substances that are labeled with a sixth type (toxic or infectious substance) are not required to be placed with animals or items that are or are known to be food and feed and for human or animal consumption.
5. Handling and placement of dangerous goods
It must be handled with great care and handled with care. When placing dangerous materials, IATA must comply with the IATA regulations on dangerous goods. It is strictly forbidden to invert the goods.
5.Loading and transportation requirements for dangerous goods
1. The loader must be familiar with IATA's Dangerous Goods Regulations and hold the carrier's approved dangerous goods transport training certificate.
2. Loading restrictions for aircraft cockpits and passenger aircraft
Dangerous goods shall not be brought into the aircraft cabin or cockpit unless a few dangerous goods permitted by the IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations. In addition, as long as the main cargo hold of the passenger aircraft meets all airworthiness standards of the Class B aircraft cargo hold, dangerous goods may be loaded. Enter the cabin. Special Note: Dangerous items with a cargo-only mark are not allowed to be installed on the passenger plane!
3. Loading of incompatible dangerous goods
Strictly follow the IATA "Isolation of Packages" form to separate packages of dangerous goods that may pose a hazardous reaction to each other.
4. Loading of dangerous goods packages containing liquids
Where the package is marked with an "up" mark, it shall be placed in the direction indicated.
5. Toxic (toxic) and loading of infectious materials
Substances that are labeled with a sixth type (toxic or infectious substance) are not required to be contained in the same compartment as animals or items that are or are known to be food and feed and for human or animal consumption.
If the toxic or infectious substance is dispensed in a different container from the food or animal, the two containers must be loaded separately when loaded into the same cargo hold. If the toxic or infectious substance is separated from the food or animal in a closed container, the two containers can be placed adjacent to each other.
6. Loading of freighters
Packages or synthetic packages with dangerous goods-only labels must be visible and accessible at all times.
7. Fixing dangerous goods
When dangerous goods are loaded into the cargo hold of the aircraft as required, it must be ensured that the dangerous goods are not damaged. It is necessary to ensure that the dangerous goods installed in the aircraft are fixed in some way to prevent the direction of the package from being changed due to the movement.
8. Loading of radioactive materials
Must meet IATA's isolation requirements
6.one-time lithium battery (not rechargeable) introduction
The Federal Aviation Administration of the US Department of Transportation recently tested disposable lithium batteries (non-rechargeable) commonly used in consumer electronics. The results show that once a disposable lithium battery is on fire, it poses a great danger. In short, the flame from the burning of a disposable lithium battery can burn through the cargo compartment and burn all protective barriers:
1. A small ignition type is enough to make a disposable lithium battery burn on fire;
2. Once a disposable lithium battery is on fire, it emits enough heat to ignite a lithium battery placed nearby;
3. The melted disposable lithium battery will explode, the temperature is up to 1400 degrees Fahrenheit (while the melting point of aluminum metal is only about 1200 degrees Fahrenheit);
4. Tests have shown that fire extinguishing agents such as Halon 1301 generally used on aircraft have no effect on extinguishing the fire of disposable lithium batteries;
5. The molten lithium can be burned through the liner material of the cargo compartment;
6. A disposable lithium battery will cause a pneumatic pulse when it is on fire, and its strength will destroy the structure of the cargo compartment.
7.other
During the process of collecting and storing dangerous goods, relevant personnel must strictly implement the relevant regulations and relevant operating procedures.
1. Confirmation of dangerous goods.
Confirmation of dangerous goods, including the following:
① For dangerous goods that are allowed to be transported by air, the shipper must have a permit approval document from the relevant authority.
② Confirm the type and degree of danger of the dangerous goods.
③ Confirm that there are shipping conditions.
2. Packaging. Special packaging of dangerous goods is required to meet air transport requirements, such as temperature. humidity. In the event of changes in external conditions such as air pressure and vibration, no danger or hazard is guaranteed.
Dangerous goods packaging must comply with (United Nations) packaging specifications. Packing methods are: separate packaging and mixed packaging.
3. Hazard labeling. The name, number, etc. of aviation dangerous goods must be filled in according to the standards of the United Nations and relevant authorities. In a prominent position outside the package of dangerous goods, special signs are affixed according to standards and regulations.
4. Special documents. Special documents refer to relevant documents used for the transport of dangerous goods, including approval documents for quasi-transportation. The relevant contracts between the air carrier and the dangerous goods shipper must be complete, complete and clearly written.
5. Cargo storage. Shipped dangerous goods received must be handled and kept in accordance with the operating procedures.
According to the requirements of Annex 18 of the International Civil Aviation Convention and its technical specifications, the shipper and its agent involved in the air transportation of dangerous goods must conduct corresponding training on the knowledge of air transportation of dangerous goods. Personnel who sign on behalf of the shipper on the dangerous goods declaration form shall hold a valid certificate of air transport knowledge training for dangerous goods.